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The notorious M23 rebel group is wreaking havoc in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, seizing the region’s two biggest cities in a deadly uprising which has forced hundreds of thousands to flee their homes.

Central to their campaign is to recount that the ethnic teaching of Dr Congo is persecuted.

Dig the condition of Tutsis in Dr Congo – and how it is related to M23 uprising – a complex and sensitive matter written in congooelese.

For beginners, many global authorities argue that in their targeted fight against discrimination, the rebels make unreasonable violence. the For example, the UN, for example, imposes M23 leaders In allegations of war crimes, such as sexual violence and killing civilians.

Second, some regional analysts say instead of trying to protect the tutsis, M23 – and Rwanda, leading to the Rehebel group in Eastern Dr Congo.

It is also worth knowing that there is a thought of hundreds of thousands of Dr. Congo tutors – no official estimate – and many do not support actions made by their name.

That said, experts and organizations like UN have documented decades of discrimination against Congolese tutsis and BanyamulEange – a Tutsi sub-ground focuses on the province of South Kivu.

It is from ethnicity, in the workplace discrimination, to hate the language of the politicians.

In the root of this discrimination is association with tutsis in neighboring Rwanda, led by Tutis, in the late 1994, many rebels moving governments who moved Dr. Congo.

The understanding that the congolese tutsis is the “foreign” fatal consequence.

The Bukuru Muhizi, a researcher and economist from Pavu’s Mwengna territory BBU from various generations of his family was killed for their recognition of Banyamule and Tutsi.

He said that in the last six years, his great-grandmother and uncle were killed by Congolese soldiers and local militia fighting. Congolese armed forces did not respond to the BBC request for comment on this allegation.

Mr. Mulizi said his family lived today with Dr. Congo for centuries and that he “longed that the world knows that” his community experienced a “quiet genocide”.

The Muragwa Cheez Bienvenue, an activist in Banyamuleenge, said he was addressed by the airport staff in the town of Bukavu.

“I stopped – they told me like (rwanan president) Kagame) and they had a $ 150 (£ 120) to find myself in prison,” he accepted the BBC, which he supported the cause of M23.

Before colonization, part of the territory today Dr. Congo is subject to the monarchy of Rwandans, which is Tutsi. Expansion wars have long been fighting, which expands the kingdom to include more East Africa.

Tubic, Hutus and other ethnic groups live in the kingdom of Rwandan and has done it since 19th century. But if colonial powers send unjustified Africa boundaries, the kingdom is divided between today Dr. Congo and Rwanda.

Then, some tutes move to Dr. Congo in the waves. In the middle of the 20th century, Belgian colonialists carry workers from the present Rwanda to their plantations, while others agreed to find a better life.

Meanwhile, Tutsi’s refugees began to arrive at Dr Congo, who removed the waves of the ethnic violence of Rwanda and Burundi. The two countries have long been taken to their minor Tutsi, leading tensions in most Hutu.

Many else thought came in 1994 during the Genocide in Rwandan, where there were about 800,000 people, mostly teaches. But if a Tutsi-headed government has taken power and ends the massacre, some returned, especially after some genocide responsibilities then fled to Dr Congo.

As Tutsi communities happened to Dr. Congo and Banyamulee, the Congolese authorities “have been authorized to be and undermined” Dr. Congo Awearns, a Book of Dr Congo without saying its name.

In the early 1970s, President Mobutu Sesu was given a citizen of anyone from Rwanda or Burundi, they were in the Congolese territory in the 1960s.

In 1981, parliament rode these rights and many studies, banks and people from other minority groups “have taken their nationality and no reason”, a A postpone found.

In the 1990s, Tutsis and Banyamuleunge are subject to many Masakers in Dr Congo. For example, a report of the UN says that the Congolese AIDS Army helps the armed groups to kill nearly 300 civilian banks in Baraka town in 1996.

It also said that “many” tutsis and Banyamuleunes lost their jobs and suffered discrimination and threat.

Today, the Constitution considers Tutsi and Banyamuleeng groups to be congolese and some people from communities occupying military and management positions. In fact, the LT-Gen Pacifique Masunzu, the person who leads the fight against M23 as the commander of a key area of ​​Eastern Dr Congo, from the BanyamulEange community.

But there is an important evidence of discrimination. In 2024, experts who work for UN say that in South Kivu, Banyamuleanange is usually seen to be harmful in their neighboring communities. This discourse inspires “hate, discrimination, hostility and violence”, experts say.

There are also recent reports of Tutsi soldiers and BanyamulEange in the Congolese army killed. According to Watch Status StatusA mob killed a bank military officer in 2023 “in an apparent case of ethnic hatred”.

Politicians – past and now – also restricted feelings of discrimination.

Anti-Tutsi feelings appear in the rise of M23 rebels, Dr. Congo experts say as Mr Stearns.

He told the BBC he saw “extreme terrifying social media posts in the past weeks -” an event of a man’s people, always an army officer or army … the The way he looked, and claimed that some people looked like they were rwandan “.

Although some congolese robberies can rise to M23, Mr. Stearns said uncomfortable the consequences of the consequences they are rebels “.

The Congolese government began to recognize discrimination against tutsis. For example, earlier this year President Félix Tshisesti said he had “had enough” anti-banyamule language and said that such comments gave the DR Congo attack.

However, the authorities also played allegations of widespread persecution. Government spokesperson Patrick Magyaya tells BBC:

However, Mr Bienvenue on the other hand tells the BBC that he “strongly” believes that his ethnic group is discriminated before he is told “as a rwandan spy”.

This is despite his family living in the same place for centuries.

“The Banyamuleunge is here since Congo is Congo!” He said, angry.

Extra Report by Emery Collect in Kinshasa